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- TECHNOLOGY, Page 97Is There a Laser in the House?
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- Doctors are using high-tech beams to treat everyday complaints
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- Blasting tumors. Zapping cataracts. Slicing through soft
- tissue with a searing light. Lasers have been used in medicine
- almost since they were invented 30 years ago. But the big, bulky
- devices of the '60s and '70s proved too destructive for most
- procedures, and early predictions that the laser would replace
- the scalpel did not come true. Now, thanks to a new generation
- of short-pulsed, high-peak-powered, computer-controlled lasers,
- the healing beam is taking a more prominent place in the panoply
- of medical tools. In hospitals and clinics, lasers are being
- increasingly used for such common procedures as treating
- hemorrhoids and removing tattoos.
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- Dentists have long known that laser beams could vaporize
- cavities without hurting healthy enamel. But early lasers
- generated too much heat on nearby gum tissue, and the technique
- was never developed. Then Dr. Terry Myers, a Michigan dentist,
- began experimenting with a modern ophthalmologist's laser. He
- became convinced that the neodymium-YAG (yttrium aluminum
- garnet) laser, operated at up to 30 pulses a second to avoid
- heat buildup, rather than in a continuous beam, would do a
- better job on surface cavities than mechanical drills do. Myers'
- dental laser is being sold in Canada and, if it gets Government
- approval, could reach the U.S. market early next year.
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- Lasers are also being focused on eye problems other than
- cataracts -- including ordinary nearsightedness and
- farsightedness -- through a technique known as eye sculpturing.
- A narrow circle of laser light directed by a computer plays
- across the surface of the eye, vaporizing microscopic layers of
- the cornea to flatten or steepen its curvature. The novel
- procedure, undergoing its first clinical trials, is made
- possible by an unusual kind of laser called the excimer,
- originally developed for etching silicon chips. Instead of
- burning away cells as ordinary lasers do, the excimer, relying
- on the high quantum energy of its ultraviolet light, destroys
- molecular bonds in the cell. Result: a smooth, clean cut that
- keeps scarring to a minimum.
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- New lasers are shaving days off the recovery period needed
- for traditional operations. The wavelength of a pulsed dye
- laser, for example, can be adjusted so that the energy of the
- beam is absorbed by gallstones and kidney stones and not by
- tissue walls. Gallstone removals that once required ten days of
- hospitalization are now being performed in a few hours on an
- outpatient basis.
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- The American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery,
- however, warns that the new lasers may also spawn new breeds of
- charlatans and quacks. Some face-lift artists advertise that
- they use lasers to smooth wrinkled skin. Irradiating facial
- tissue does cause the face to swell and wrinkles to disappear.
- Unfortunately, the wrinkles return when the swelling subsides,
- usually within a couple of days. Says Dr. Ellet Drake, the
- society's secretary: "You can get the same effect by slapping
- someone in the face."
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